Is The Amyloid Precursor Protein ( App ) Is Long...

Introduction: The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is long associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is a single-pass transmembrane protein and is responsible for producing the neurotoxic AÃŽ ² plaque which accumulates within the brain (O’Brien et al. 2011). This accumulation of AÃŽ ² is what characterises AD. However, in spite of APP’s detrimental role in the pathogenesis of AD, it has been recently shown that APP can act as a neuroprotective molecule following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Approximately 10 million people worldwide are affected by this disease every year and it is projected that by 2020, TBI will surpass various diseases and become a major disease of burden (Hyder et al. 2007). Thus, due to this increase in morbidity and burden, TBI is an urgent medical and public problem. APP’s protective role in TBI is currently understood to be the product of É‘-secretase pathway in soluble amyloid precursor protein É‘ (sAPPÉ‘) (Corrigan et al. 2013). This pathway was discovered in the previous year by the same researchers who used APP knockout mice. The knockout mice had cognitive and motor functions that were severely compromised with impaired neuroreparative abilities compared to its wild-type counterpart (Corrigan et al. 2012). When the knockout mice were treated with sAPPÉ‘, however, their neuroreparative responses were restored. Furthermore, the protective properties of APP are often correlated with its functions of synaptic formation and repair and iron transport andShow MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease : Genetic Analysis1129 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease: Genetic Analysis Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a profoundly common form of degenerative dementia that is caused by neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques accumulating in the brain (Sennvik et.al., 2000). 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